The lives and deaths of the various kinds of stars are described with attention to the physical processes that govern them and the astronomical techniques with which we study them. Topics include star formation, principles of stellar structure, evolution of stars, radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres and spectral line diagnostics, and stellar death (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes). The special information and processes of binary stars are highlighted. Because the stars are the sources of most elements, the history of elemental abundances and their determinations are an integral part of the story.